Understanding health insurance

What is health insurance?

Health insurance is a way to pay for health and medical care. It covers and helps you manage health benefits, and medical care and treatment for illness and accidents. Your health insurance could protect you from unexpected and high costs due to a hospital stay or treatment, potentially helping you to pay for some or all the cost of this care.

Health insurance is also known as a health plan or "benefit program". You pay a monthly fee or a "premium" to keep your health insurance.

Your health insurance benefit plan documents will show the services that your insurance plan pays for or "covers". There are also "non-covered services" or services that your insurance plan does not pay for.

Why have health insurance?

Health insurance protects you from unexpected and high costs due to a hospital stay or treatment for an injury or when you are sick. Your health insurance plan could help pay for some or even all of these costs.

How does health insurance work?

The insurance carrier pays a portion of your medical costs with the premium money from all the people they insure. In the same way, your premium helps pay medical costs for others when they need it. You lose your insurance if you do not pay your premium.

What is a deductible in health insurance?

A deductible is the amount you are required to pay for covered healthcare services before your insurance plan begins to pay.

For example, if your deductible is $2,000, you will pay the cost of the first $2,000 in services. Your insurance plan pays for your claims after you have paid the first $2,000 in medical costs. Some services will be paid even though you have not met your deductible. Preventive and other wellness screenings may be covered before you meet your deductible.

What other costs, besides premium, could I have on my health plan?

A "copayment" or "copay" is another out-of-pocket cost you may need to pay. The copay is the fee that you pay at the doctor or facility office, or for medications.

You may also have "coinsurance" or "cost-sharing" costs. Coinsurance is the cost you pay for a medical service when you get it. Coinsurance applies after you reach your deductible. For example, if your health plan has a 20% coinsurance, you pay $20 of a $100 doctor bill. The insurer pays the remaining $80.

Navigating health insurance terminology

Here are simple explanations of common terms that health insurance companies use:

  • Coinsurance: Percentage of cost you pay for covered healthcare services after deductible is met.
  • Copay: Fixed amount you pay at the time of service for covered healthcare services.
  • Deductible: The annual amount you pay for covered healthcare services before your plan begins to pay.
  • Out-of-pocket (OOP) costs: Costs you pay (versus what your plan pays) for healthcare services.
  • Premium: Amount you pay monthly for your insurance coverage.
  • Maximum out-of-pocket (MOOP): The annual maximum amount of out-of-pocket costs that you or your family are required to pay for covered services.

For a full list of health insurance terms, please visit our glossary.

Choosing the right plan for you

Selecting the right health insurance plan for you and your family is an important decision. We offer a range of plan types that vary across the 21 counties that we serve. Our team is ready to help you select the right plan.

Essential care at all coverage levels

Every individual/family coverage plan covers these essentials:

  • Adult and pediatric preventive care.
  • Chronic and disease management.
  • Emergency care.
  • Hospitalization and outpatient services.
  • Laboratory services.
  • Maternity and newborn care.
  • Mental health and substance use disorder services.
  • Pediatric dental and vision care.
  • Prescription drugs.
  • Rehabilitative services and devices.

Gold, Silver, and Bronze health insurance plan categories

Each health plan is named for a metal color, which also signifies the level of coverage.

Gold

Silver

Bronze

Catastrophic

  • Higher monthly premiums
  • Lowest deductible
  • May be a good choice if you get care often
  • Average monthly premiums and costs for care
  • Lower deductible than Bronze plans
  • May be a good choice if you qualify for extra savings through Pennie™
  • Low monthly premium
  • Higher deductible and costs for care
  • May be a good choice if you are healthy but want peace of mind
  • Lowest monthly premium and highest out-of-pocket costs
  • Only available if you’re under 30 years of age
  • May be a good choice if you rarely see a doctor and take minimal medications

For more information about the plans available to you, shop for a plan or see which plan types are available in your county.

How to understand exchange plans:

Think about the premium price that will work best for your budget. Your premium will be lower if you choose to pay more when you go for doctor visits or medications. The premium will be higher if you choose to pay less at the time of a doctor visit or for medicine.

What is Pennie?

Pennie is the official health and dental insurance marketplace for Pennsylvania. If you are getting health insurance for you or your family, instead of through an employer or government program like Medicare or Medicaid, you can browse our plans there. We offer several different affordable plans with various benefits so that you can find the best option for you.

Are there any ways to save on my health insurance?

Many residents of Pennsylvania qualify for tax credits and cost-sharing reductions through Pennie. Shop for coverage through Pennie to see if you qualify for these cost savings.

Can I apply directly through Capital Blue Cross for insurance?

If you are not eligible to save money by purchasing through Pennie, shop directly with us to learn about additional plan choices.

How to enroll in Capital Blue Cross health insurance plans?

Whether you're looking for individual health insurance plans or family options, Capital Blue Cross makes it easy to shop for health insurance coverage.

Apply directly with us

If you are not eligible to save money by purchasing through Pennie, you may wish to consider additional plan choices by shopping directly with us.

Apply now

Apply with Pennie

You may shop for coverage through Pennie and see if you qualify for advanced premium tax credits (APTC) or lower your out-of-pocket costs with cost sharing reductions (CSR).

Apply now

Additional health insurance plans

Medicare supplement


For those with Medicare, our BlueReliance supplemental Medicare coverage options offer benefits to cover the gaps in Original Medicare coverage.

If enrolled in Medicare, you are not eligible for Individual insurance.


Secure your health

Dental plans


Proper dental hygiene can prevent a variety of health issues, from gingivitis to heart disease. Capital Blue Cross dental plans give you greater control of your dental health, with more choices and opportunities to save.




Explore dental coverage

Vision plans


With one of the largest eye care provider networks in the nation, Capital Blue Cross vision plans help you keep an eye on your health.





Discover vision plans

Health insurance 101

Additional frequently asked questions (FAQs), answered.

Health insurance exchange subsidy

Do I qualify for lower costs?

The government has different guidelines for different levels of income. If you are eligible, you must buy a Pennie qualified health plan to get the subsidy. To determine and confirm a subsidy, also called APTC, please visit Pennie's financial assistance page.

What if I am not eligible?

Your income determines eligibility. If you aren’t eligible, you’ll need to pay the whole cost of the premium.

Will I get a big or small premium tax credit?

A subsidy might pay all, most, or only part of the premium cost for a health plan.

How do I get my tax credit?

The exact amount of subsidy is determined by the government. For an estimate of the subsidy you are eligible to receive, please visit our subsidy estimator.

Additional FAQs

What is medical loss ratio (MLR)?

The medical loss ratio (MLR) requires that insurance companies spend a certain percentage of premium dollars on medical claims and activities to improve care quality. Rebates are due to members if an insurer fails to meet minimum loss ratios of 80 percent in the individual and small group markets. For each calendar year, Capital Blue Cross and its affiliates will calculate and issue payments, if required, to eligible policyholders by September 30th of the following calendar year.

Capital Blue Cross
Medical loss ratio summary
2023 Calculation

  Individual Small group Large group
MLR Standard 80.0% 80.0% 85.0%
Capital Blue Cross Not applicable Not applicable 95.6%
Capital Advantage Insurance Company Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Capital Advantage Assurance Company 90.1% 84.9% 91.5%
Keystone Health Plan Central 94.2% Not Applicable Not Applicable